Lecture No. 0370
Great Ocean of Lamrim
Lecture No. 0370
Lamrim Volume 1: P47-L4 ~ L7
Date: 26 Feb 2022
Topic: Introduction of the Ornament for Clear Knowledge and the Three Knowledges
Next, a quote:
Ajita indicates in the Ornament for Clear Knowledge that knowing the paths of the three vehicles is the method for bodhisattvas to achieve the goal they have set. [V.1 p. 47]
Ajita is Maitreya Bodhisattva, Maitreya Bodhisattva. The quote is from the Ornament for Clear Knowledge. As Maitreya Bodhisattva expounded this, sometimes the text will indicate that it is a quote from the commentary or quoted directly from this Bodhisattva in order to benefit all sentient beings, what approaches are employed? It is by means of Knowledge of paths. There are three stages that bodhisattvas strive for: All-Knowledge, Knowledge of paths, and Knowledge of all aspects. Here, I will briefly explain each one of these and its respective content. What does Knowledge of paths mean? Knowledge of paths means to use this wisdom; by applying this correct knowledge, all benefits in the secular world can be successfully administered and achieved. From the perspective of others, the benefits in the mundane world means salvaging all beings. When you salvage all beings, from the perspective of self, you achieve your own enlightened physical form and pure land. These two [benefiting self and others] are the two sides of the same effect. [01:20]
"Ajita indicates in the Ornament for Clear Knowledge that knowing the paths of the three vehicles is the method for bodhisattvas to achieve the goal they have set.” Do you know which bodhisattva is Ajita? Yes! He is Maitreya Bodhisattva. From a communal aspect, Maitreya Bodhisattva manifested himself as a bodhisattva, but in fact he has already attained Buddhahood. According to the sutras, where does Maitreya Bodhisattva reside now? He resides in the inner court in Tushita Heaven. In the distant future when human life span is eighty thousand years, he will descend to human realm and manifest himself attaining Buddhahood, and become the fifth Buddha among the one thousand Buddhas in the Fortunate eon. Would some questions arise in your mind? Since Tushita Heaven is in the deity realm, is Tushita Heaven within cyclic existence or out of cyclic existence? He resides in Tushita Heaven, in inner court which is a pure land – the land of blissfulness. Is this right? [02:28]
Many eminent masters whom we are familiar with such as Master Xuan Zang, Master Atisha, and Master Drom-tom-pa as well as many Kadam past masters all ascended to the inner court of Tushita Heaven. And who else? The renowned Asanga Bodhisattva also went to Tushita Heaven. He listened to Maitreya Bodhisattva imparted the Five Commentaries of the Maitreya in one morning, and by the time Asanga Bodhisattva returned to the human world, how many years had gone by in the human world? It was 50 years later! Hearing this, are you delighted? Now we are learning the commentary expounded by the next Buddha to come! How amicable! And this commentary explains the inferred stages of the path, which is presented in the Ornament for Clear Knowledge, within the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra expounded by Sakyamuni Buddha. [03:08]
Great! Let me ask you another question: this quote is from which commentary Maitreya Bodhisattva composed? Yes! It is from the Ornament for Clear Knowledge. For the most acclaimed commentaries composed by Maitreya Bodhisattva, how many of them do we know of? Let us name it one by one together: the Ornament for Clear Knowledge, the Ornament for the Mahayana Sutras, the Analysis of Phenomena and Their Nature, the Analysis of the Middle and the Extremes, and what else? The Analysis of Lineage of the Three Jewels. They are widely known as the “Five Treatises of Maitreya”. Yesterday, a novice monk told me that he had finished memorizing the Five Treatises of Maitreya in Tibetan. [03:55]
Very well! Now, let us go back to “Ajita indicates in the Ornament for Clear Knowledge that knowing the paths of the three vehicles is the method for bodhisattvas to achieve the goal they have set.” In the commentary, Master introduced to us the “three knowledges”. Question: what are the three knowledges? Let us say it together: All-Knowledge, Knowledge of Paths, and Knowledge of all aspects. We have studied the definition of the three knowledges in the past [teaching #239]; do you still remember it? If you were in front of me right now, I would say: “Please raise your hand if you remember it”; then you could give me the answer right on the spot. But for now, let us review it together. [04:40]
All-Knowledge, also known as Knower of Bases: which means the wisdom Hinayana sages attain with the valid cognition of all phenomena devoid of selfness of the person. So, what does this lengthy definition indicate? You can study in earnest the Ornament for Clear Knowledge in the future. [05:01]
Next is Knowledge of Paths, or Knower of Paths: realization. Take heed! Practitioners attain the knowledge, through valid cognition, of the three paths – sravaka path, pratyekabuddha path, and Mahayana path. The clear realization of the wisdom Mahayana sages have attained indicates that all phenomena are devoid of intrinsic existence. So, what is “clear realization”? The clear realization is synonymous with the Path. The clear realization Mahayana sages have attained refers to the Mahayana path in the mind of the Mahayana sages. What is the “Mahayana path”? It is the path imbued by the Mahayana aspiration for the sake of obtaining the fruition of Buddhahood. In chapter two of the Ornament for Clear Knowledge, this Knowledge of Path is explained in great detail. [05:54]
Very well! Next is the Knowledge of all aspects, also known as Exalted Knower of Aspects. Buddhas instantaneously realize the real nature of emptiness and the diversity of all phenomena; namely, they attain the ultimate wisdom of valid cognition instantly. What do “the real nature of emptiness” and “the diversity of all phenomena” include? That is, they encompass all phenomena. [06:23]
【广海明月 讲次: 0370】
讲次 | 0370
标题 | 介绍《现观》与三智
《广论》段落 | P9-L6 ~ P9-L7 阿逸多云……由道种智成办世间利。”
音档 | 6A 07:39 ~ 6A 08:59
手抄页/行 | 第1册 P166-LL4 ~ P167-L5 ( 2016 南普陀版：P166-LL4 ~ P167-L6 )
手抄段落 | 下面引……这个是一件事情的两面。
(更新日期: 2021年10月13日)
00:00
下面引
阿逸多云：“诸欲饶益众生，由道种智成办世间利。”
阿逸多就是弥勒菩萨，弥勒菩萨，这个话是在《现观庄严论》上的，因为是弥勒菩萨所讲的，所以有的时候引说是论上，有的时候就直接讲菩萨说的。说那个要想利益一切众生，用什么方法？由道种智。这个我们菩萨所要求的有三样东西：一切智、道种智、一切智智。那么这个里面每一样东西、每一样东西的内涵的，这个地方我们解释一下。什么叫道种智呢？道种智就是用这个智慧，这种正确的认识能够成办、成就、完成世间的一切的利益。这个世间一切利益，就他人来说，是救济了一切众生；当你救济一切众生，对你自己来说的话，就成就了你的报身报土，这个是一件事情的两面。01:20
阿逸多云：“诸欲饶益众生，由道种智成办世间利。”请问你们知道阿逸多是哪位菩萨吧？对！是弥勒菩萨。那么弥勒菩萨，就共通的角度来说示现为菩萨相，实际上已经成佛了。佛经上记载弥勒菩萨现在安住在哪里呀？在兜率天的兜率内院。将来人寿八万岁的时候，他会降生到人世间示现成佛，成为贤劫千佛中的第五尊佛。大家会不会疑惑：兜率天是天界，那兜率天是轮回之内，还是出轮回？他住在兜率内院，是净土，是天界中的净土。对吧？02:28
我们熟悉的玄奘大师、阿底峡尊者、种敦巴大师，还有很多噶当派的祖师，都是生往兜率天的兜率内院。还有谁呀？著名的无著菩萨，也去了兜率天。他听弥勒菩萨宣说慈氏五论一个上午，回到人间的时候，人间已经过了多少年了？五十年了！有没有很开心呢？现在我们在学习下一尊佛他宣说的论典，好亲切吧！而这部论典就是在解释释迦佛宣说的《般若经》的隐义现观的次第。03:08
好！那再请问大家：这句话是出自弥勒菩萨所造的哪一部论啊？对！《现观庄严论》。那弥勒菩萨最著名的论典，就我们所知的有哪几部啊？数一下，你们可以跟我一起：《现观庄严论》、《经庄严论》、《辨法法性论》、《辨中边论》，还有什么？《宝性论》。这就是非常著名的“慈氏五论”。昨天还有一个小沙弥跟我说，他背完了慈氏五论，不过他背的是藏文。03:55
好！现在我们回到那一句，阿逸多云：“诸欲饶益众生，由道种智成办世间利。”师父在这一段的解释里，为我们介绍了“三智”。请问三智是哪三智？一起说：一切智、道种智、一切智智。以前有学过三智的定义，还记得吧？如果你们在我对面的话，我就会说：“记得的请举手”，然后你就可以现场回答一下。那我们现在来一起再复习一下：04:40
“一切智”，也可以称为基智：就是由现证一切事补特伽罗无我的这一分安立的安住于小乘证类的圣者心中的智慧。那么这一大串的话，到底是什么意思呢？大家以后可以好好地学《现观》。05:01
“道种智”，也可以称为道智：现证，注意！现证三种道──声闻道、独觉道、大乘道──无谛实的智慧所摄持的大乘圣者现观。那“现观”是什么呢？现观是与道是同义的。大乘圣者的现观，就是指大乘圣者心中的大乘道。什么叫“大乘道”呢？在大乘发心的摄持下，为了获得佛果而修的道就是大乘道。在《现观庄严论》中，第二品有专门详细地解说道智的内涵。05:54
好！下面我们再看“一切智智”。一切智智也可以称为一切相智：一刹那间现证一切如所有、尽所有行相的究竟智；也就是在一刹那间能够现证一切法的究竟的智慧。“一切如所有、尽所有”包含了什么呀？就包含了一切的法。06:23