Lecture No. 0400
Great Ocean of Lamrim
Lecture No. 0400
Date: 09 Feb 2022
Topic: Sutra on the Ten Epithets of the Buddha
Translated by the Tripitaka Master of the Western Regions, Court Gentleman for Court Service, Provisional Vice Minister of the Court of State Ceremonies, and Enlightened Teaching Master, Imperial Subject Tian-xi-zai, by imperial command
The Tathagata, the Worshipful, the All Wise, the Perfectly Enlightened in Conduct, the Well Departed, the Understander of the World and the Peerless Leader, the Leader of Men to be Tamed, the Teacher of Gods and Men, the Buddha, and the World-honored One.
Ananda asked, “What is the Tathagata?”
The Buddha replied, “Monks! In the past when I was at the causal stage as a Bodhisattva, I had progressed through all bhumis for the sake of pursuing the peerless perfect enlightenment. Now I have obtained the awakened state of nirvana that is beyond all reality, and validated against the noble eightfold path, thus named Tathagata; just as those sages in the past had perfected true wisdom and true enlightenment, and pacified their mind and reached nirvana, thus named Tathagata.”
[Ananda asked:] “What about the Worshipful?”
Buddha replied, “In the past at the causal stage, I engaged in virtuous deeds and observed ethical discipline, and enhanced the power of all ten virtuous roots. Thus, I have perfected the utmost effect stage, severed all afflictions, and attained nirvana. I have purified all afflictive karmic deeds of physical, verbal and mental, and thoroughly destroyed defilements, just like cutting off the top of the tala palm, so it would never sprout. Moreover, because of the cessation of afflictions such as attachment, anger, ignorance, I will not return to samsara and I am beyond the four calamities—birth, aging, illness, and death, which incur suffering effects. Therefore, the seeds of ignorance and suffering will never sprout. Thus named the Worshipful.
Besides, all clothes, bedding, foods, medicine, banners, canopies, fragrant flowers, lit candles and fruits, and the most auspicious objects in the deity and human realms are offered to the Buddha. I have accumulated the utmost blissfulness in the world, thus named the Worshipful.”
[Ananda asked:] “What about the All Wise?”
Buddha replied, “The Tathagata is endowed with omniscience and the state of all-knowing; he applies the four applications of mindfulness, the four right abandonments, the four supports of the miraculous abilities, the five powers, the five strengths, the seven elements of enlightenment, the noble eightfold path, the principle of twelve dependent origination, the Four Noble Truths, and the like. He enlightens all living beings equally, and helps them to become awakened by eliminating ignorance; thus, they can enter the stages of stream enterer, once returner, no more returner, and arhatship. They acquire trividya [recollection of past lives, the clairvoyance, and the cessation of mental contaminants] and six types of transcendent knowledge [psychic abilities, divine vision, divine hearing, insight into others’ minds, recollection of past lives, and knowledge of the cessation of contaminants]. Besides, he also mindfully pursues the ultimate Mahayana goal, progresses through all bhumis, removes all fetters, and then achieves the peerless enlightenment; thus, he is named the All Wise [perfect in true wisdom and true enlightenment.]
[Ananda asked:] “What about the Perfectly Enlightened in Conduct?”
Buddha replied, “Being enlightened means having the divine vision, psychic powers, knowledge of the cessation of the contaminants. Perfect in conduct means the Tathagata’s physical, verbal and mental karmic deeds are all perfected, and truly purified defiling illusions. Much like upholding the robes and pātra*, I guard my senses with right mindfulness – at ease, free from attachment. With my aspiration, I engaged in virtuous deeds, and completely perfected my practice, thus named the Perfectly Enlightened in Conduct.”
[*Sanskrit pātra, also called 應量器, means "vessel that contains just enough" is a set of nested bowls and
other eating utensils for the personal use of monastics.]
[Ananda asked:] “What about the Well Departed?”
Buddha replied, “This means having gone to an excellent place or having gone rightly; whereas those living beings dominated by attachment, anger, ignorance etc. are bound for the non-virtuous rebirth; thus, they are not named the Well Departed. The omniscient Tathagata has severed all afflictions, proficiently renounced the world and is able to reach the effect of Buddhahood. Thus, named the Well Departed.”
[Ananda asked:] “What about the Understander of the World and the Peerless Leader?”
Buddha replied, “The World means that the Buddha knows the beings in all thirty-one realms of existence: desire realm, form realm, formless realm; living beings dwell in hell, hungry ghosts, animal realms, etc.; they all have the aggregate of form, sensation or feeling, perception, the mental formations or conditioning factors, consciousness, the faculties of eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, consciousness, and all arising phenomena that concord to each of these six sense bases. This named the Understander of the World – because of full enlightenment with accurate understanding of the worldly knowledge. As for all of the worldly existence, namely, human realm, animal realm, the realms of desire and form, with or without perception, neither cognition nor non-cognition, be it mundane or supramundane; among all living beings, the Buddha is the incomparable one, thus named the Peerless Leader.”
[Ananda asked:] “What about the Leader of men to be tamed?”
Buddha replied, “Buddha is the Leader of men who is capable of taming two kinds of living beings: virtuous and non-virtuous. The non-virtuous beings are unable to guard the three karmic doors, so they engage in all sorts of non-virtuous deeds; their retribution is downfall to the hell, hungry ghost, and animal realm. As for the virtuous beings, they do virtuous deeds, keeping in check their three karmic doors constantly, so they accumulate blissful merits, attaining the effect of blissful rebirth in human or deity realms. What is virtuous and what is non-virtuous all manifest from the mind. The Buddha applies the ultimate truth [paramārtha-satya], meaning the doctrine of nirvana and path of practice, and guides living beings on how to remove defilements and achieve the peerless state of nirvana [non-abiding nirvana]. Thus named the Leader of men to be tamed.”
[Ananda asked:] “What about the Teacher of Gods and Men?”
Buddha replied, “Besides being the teacher of Ananda, Buddha is also the teacher of bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, Upasaka [male lay followers] and Upasika [female lay followers], beings in the celestial and human realms, sramana and Brahmans, Maras and non-Buddhists, beings in Sakya and Brahma families, naga and deva-loka; they all come to Buddha for instructions; they abide by the teachings; thus, they are children of the Buddha. Thus named the Teacher of Gods and Men.”
[Ananda asked:] “What about the Buddha?”
“Endowed with ultimate wisdom, the Buddha is self-awakened, capable of enlightening/awakening others, and has the perfected enlightened practice; thus named the Buddha.”
Buddha told Ananda, “In the past while I was doing walking meditation, a Brahmin came asking me: ‘Why is that your parents named you Buddha?’ Buddha responded right away: ‘What must be directly known is directly known, what has to be fully understood is fully understood, what has to be abandoned has been abandoned. Endowed with omniscience, I know it all. Countless eons I have practiced, away from defilements and contaminants, now I have achieved the peerless enlightenment. I am thus named Buddha.’”
[Ananda asked:] “What about the World-Honored One?”
Buddha replied, “At the causal stage I analyzed all virtuous deeds, precepts, ways to train the mind, and means to achieve wisdom. I also observed unwholesome acts, like attachment, which incurs sufferings of birth and death. Buddha has applied uncontaminated wisdom to eradicate afflictions and thus obtained the ultimate enlightenment. Accordingly, all deities and humans, all beings in the mundane and supramundane worlds venerate Buddha; thus, I am named the World-Honored One.” [09:15]
【广海明月 讲次: 0400】
讲次 | 0400 (2022-02-03 ~ 2022-02-06)
标题 | 佛说十号经
备注 | 请跟随上师一起诵《佛说十号经》
(更新日期: 2022年2月9日)
00:00
佛说十号经
西天译经三藏朝散大夫试鸿胪少卿明教大师臣天息灾奉 诏译
如来、应供、正等觉、明行足、善逝、世间解无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。
阿难白言：“云何如来？”
佛告：“苾刍！我昔因地为菩萨时，历修众行，为求无上正等正觉，今得菩提涅槃一切真实，以八圣道正见所证，名为如来；如过去正等正觉，调伏息心，得至涅槃，故名如来。”
“云何应供？”
佛言：“昔在因位所行善法威仪戒品，十善根力修令增长，如是修习圆满至究竟位，证涅槃时断尽一切烦恼，令身、口、意清净无染，永害烦恼，如断多罗树头，永不生芽。复次贪、嗔、痴等烦恼尽故，一切诸趣永不结生，超过四难──生、老、病、死──苦果之法，惑苦二种而永不生，立应供号。
复次，令彼世间所有衣服、卧具、饮食、汤药、幢幡、宝盖、香花、灯果，及天上人间最上之物，供养于佛，获得最上富贵吉祥之福，是名应供之号。”
“云何正等觉？”
佛言：“如来具一切智，于一切处无不了知，以四念处、四正断、四神足、五根、五力、七觉支、八圣道、十二缘生、四谛法等如是之法，平等开觉一切众生，令起智断惑，证须陀洹果、斯陀含果、阿那含果、阿罗汉，具三明、六通，复于大乘作意思求，历修诸地，断尽结习，成无上觉，此名正等正觉。”
“云何明行足？”
佛言：“明，谓：天眼明、宿命明、漏尽明；行足者，为如来身、口、意业，善修满足，正真清净。如有大衣钵等，自在观照而无爱着，于自愿力一切之行，修令满足，号明行足。”
“云何善逝？”
佛言：“即妙往之义，如贪、嗔、痴等引诸有情往彼恶趣，非名善逝。如来正智能断诸惑，妙出世间，能往佛果，故名善逝。”
“云何世间解无上士？”
佛言：“世间者，谓欲界、色界、无色界。地狱、饿鬼、傍生等类，各具色蕴、受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴，眼根、耳根、鼻根、舌根、身根、意根，及彼六识所缘境等一切诸法，名曰世间。正觉正知名世间解。又彼世间所有二足、四足、多足、无足、欲色诸天、有想无想、非有想非无想、若凡若圣，一切有情之中，唯佛第一最上无等，名无上士。”
“云何调御丈夫？”
佛言：“佛是大丈夫，而能调御善恶二类。恶者，起不善三业，而作诸恶，堕地狱、饿鬼、傍生而得恶报；善者，于身、口、意而修众善，得人天福果。此之善恶皆由心作，佛以第一义善涅槃之法，显示调御令离垢染，获得最上寂灭涅槃，是故得名调御丈夫。”
“云何天人师？”
佛言：“非与阿难一苾刍为师，所有苾刍、苾刍尼、乌波塞、乌波夷及天上、人间、沙门、婆罗门、魔王、外道，释、梵、龙、天悉皆归命，依教奉行，俱作佛子，故名天人师。”
“云何名佛？”
“智慧具足，三觉圆明，是故名佛。”
佛告阿难：“我昔经行之次，有婆罗门而来问我：‘何故汝之父母为汝立名呼为佛邪？’佛即答言：‘世所知者，我能了知；世所观者，我亦能观；所得灭者，我亦得灭。我具一切智，一切了知。我从无数劫种种修行，远尘离垢，今得无上菩提，故立佛号。’”
“云何世尊？”
佛言：“我于因地自审观察所有善法、戒法、心法、智慧法，复观贪等不善之法，能招诸有生、灭等苦，以无漏智破彼烦恼得无上觉，是故天人凡圣、世出世间咸皆尊重，故曰世尊。”09:15